【英语中什么词可以做补语】在英语语法中,补语是句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,它通常与主语或宾语构成“主系表”或“宾补”结构。补语的作用是使句子的意思更加完整和明确。常见的可以充当补语的词类包括形容词、名词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)等。
以下是对这些词类的总结,并以表格形式展示它们在不同句型中的使用情况。
一、补语的定义
补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的状态、特征、身份或动作结果的成分。它通常出现在系动词(如 be, seem, become, appear 等)之后,或者在某些动词后作宾语补足语。
二、常见可作补语的词类及示例
| 词类 | 举例 | 在句中作用 | 示例句子 |
| 形容词 | happy, tired, ready | 补充说明主语或宾语状态 | He is happy. I found the book interesting. |
| 名词 | teacher, doctor, student | 补充说明主语身份 | She became a teacher. They elected him president. |
| 介词短语 | in the room, on the table | 补充说明位置或状态 | The book is on the table. She was in the room. |
| 副词 | there, here, away | 补充说明位置或方向 | He went away. The car is there. |
| 动词不定式 | to study, to eat, to go | 表示目的或动作 | I want to go. They asked me to leave. |
| 现在分词 | working, eating, running | 表示进行或主动动作 | I saw her working. The door was open. |
| 过去分词 | broken, written, done | 表示被动或完成状态 | The glass is broken. The letter was written. |
三、补语的常见句型
1. 主系表结构:主语 + 系动词 + 补语
- 例句:She is beautiful.
- 说明:形容词 "beautiful" 作表语,补充说明主语 "she" 的状态。
2. 宾语补足语结构:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 补语
- 例句:They made him happy.
- 说明:"happy" 是宾语 "him" 的补语,表示他被弄得开心。
3. 带不定式的宾语补足语:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth
- 例句:I asked her to help.
- 说明:"to help" 是宾语 "her" 的补语,表示她被要求帮忙。
四、注意事项
- 不是所有动词都可以带补语,只有部分动词(如 make, call, find, see 等)可以接宾语补足语。
- 补语不能单独存在,必须依附于主语或宾语。
- 补语的位置通常紧跟在主语或宾语之后。
通过了解哪些词可以作补语,我们可以更准确地理解和运用英语句子结构,提升语言表达的准确性与自然性。


